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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(4): 275-282, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019420

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the intravitreal concentrations of cellular mediators involved in neurodegeneration, inflammation, and angiogenesis in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other vitreoretinal diseases. Methods: A multiplex bead immunoassay was used to measure vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor, serum amyloid P, C-reactive protein, complement C4, alpha-1 antitrypsin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta in patients undergoing 23-gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other diagnoses (control group). Results: We evaluated 55 patients, of whom 24 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 had other diagnoses including vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, macular hole, and epiretinal membrane. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy demonstrated increased levels of serum amyloid P (85.49 vs. 31.38 ng/mL); C-reactive protein (59.89 vs. 41.75 ng/mL), vascular endothelial growth factor (2,330.11 vs. 554.25 pg/mL; p<0.001), platelet-derived growth factor A (127.32 vs. 39.11 pg/mL), platelet-derived growth factor B (29.37 vs. 7.12 pg/mL), interleukin-6 (69.37 vs. 33.58 pg/mL), interleukin-8 (175.25 vs. 59.71 pg/mL), and interleukin-10 (3.70 vs. 1.88 pg/mL); all p<0.004 when compared with the control group. Levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (30.06 vs. 27.48 ng/mL; p=0.295), complement C4 (570.78 vs. 366.24 ng/mL; p=0.069), and alpha-1-antitrypsin (359.27 vs. 522.44 ng/mL; p=0.264) were not significantly different between the groups. Intravitreal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-beta were undetectable. Serum Amyloid P, C-reactive protein, platelet-derived growth factor A, platelet-derived growth factor B, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were correlated positively with vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusions: Cellular mediators involved in neurodegeneration and inflammation demonstrated increased levels in the vitreous humor of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and may be part of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar as concentrações intravítreas de mediadores celulares envolvidos na neurodegeneração, inflamação e angiogênese em pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa e outras doenças vítreo-retinianas. Métodos: Um ensaio imunomagnético foi utilizado para medir os níveis vítreos do fator derivado do epitélio pigmentar, amilóide P sérico, proteína-C-reativa, complemento C4, e alfa-1-antitripsina, fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular, fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas AA, fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas BB, interleucina-6, interleucina-8, interleucina-10, fator de necrose tumoral alfa e beta em pacientes submetidos à vitrectomia 23-gauge para retinopatia diabética proliferativa ou outros diagnósticos (grupo controle). Resultados: Foram avaliados 55 pacientes, dos quais 24 tinham retinopatia diabética proliferativa e 31 tinham outros diagnósticos, incluindo hemorragia vítrea, descolamento de retina, buraco macular e membrana epirretiniana. Pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa demonstraram níveis aumentados de amilóide P sérico (85,49 vs 31,38 ng/mL), proteína-C-reativa (59,89 vs 41,75 ng/mL), fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (2.330,11 vs 554,25 pg/mL, p<0.001), fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas-A: (127,32 vs 39,11 pg/mL), fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas-B (29,37 vs 7,12 pg/mL), interleucina-6 (69,37 vs 33,58 pg/mL), interleucina-8 (175,25 vs 59,71 pg/mL) e interleucina-10 (3,70 vs 1,88 pg/mL), todos com p<0,004 quando comparados ao grupo controle. Níveis de fator derivado do epitélio pigmentar (30,06 vs 27,48 ng/mL; p=0,295), complemento C4 (570,78 vs 366,24 ng/mL; p=0,069), alfa-1 antitripsina (359,27 vs 522,44 ng/mL; p=0,264) não foram significativamente diferente entre os grupos. Níveis intravítreos de fator de necrose tumoral alfa e fator de necrose tumoral beta foram indetectáveis. O amilóide P sérico, a proteína C-reativa, o fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas A e B, a interleucina-6 e a interleucina-8 correlacionaram-se positivamente com o fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular. Conclusões: Os medidores celulares envolvidos na neurodegeneração e inflamação demonstraram níveis aumentados no humor vítreo de pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa e podem ser parte da patogênese da retinopatia diabética.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Retinal Degeneration/pathology , Vitreous Body/pathology , Inflammation Mediators/analysis , Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology , Reference Values , Vitrectomy , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/analysis , Serum Amyloid P-Component/analysis , Serpins/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interleukins/analysis , Statistics, Nonparametric , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis , Diabetic Retinopathy/surgery , Eye Proteins/analysis , Nerve Growth Factors/analysis
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 76(6): 380-382, nov.-dez. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-701293

ABSTRACT

Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy is an ocular disease characterized by outer retina and choroidal atrophy often with overlying intraretinal bone spicule pigment deposition along the retinal veins. As a rare condition, there is scant information in the literature regarding the pattern of inner retinal layers involvement. We present a case of a 41-year-old white man initially referred for a glaucoma evaluation. Fundoscopy revealed patches of retinochoroidal atrophy and light pigmentation extending from the optic nerve head along the inferior-temporal retinal veins in both eyes. Using different spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) protocols we identified a significant thinning of the inner retinal layers along the inferior-temporal veins, but with a lucid interval surrounding the optic nerve head. Standard automated perimetry revealed a superior absolute arcuate scotoma sparing the central fixation (good structure-functional correlation). This pattern of inner retinal layers involvement was not previously described. We believe SD-OCT added significantly to the anatomical description of this case. Physicians should consider these new anatomical findings and correlate them with functional status while assessing these patients.


Atrofia retinocoroidiana pigmentada paravenosa é uma doença ocular caracterizada por atrofia localizada da coroide e da retina externa associada a áreas de pigmentação em espícula óssea depositada ao longo das veias retinianas. Como é uma condição rara, há pouca informação na literatura sobre o padrão de envolvimento das camadas mais internas da retina. Relatamos o caso de um homem branco, de 41 anos, encaminhado incialmente para avaliação de glaucoma. Apresentava à fundoscopia áreas de atrofia retinocoroidiana com pigmentação leve sobrejacente, estendendo-se desde o disco óptico e seguindo ao longo da veia temporal inferior da retina em ambos os olhos. Por meio de diferentes protocolos da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (SD-OCT) identificamos um afinamento significante das camadas internas da retina ao longo da veia temporal inferior, mas com uma área de intervalo lúcido ao redor do disco óptico. A perimetria automatizada acromática revelou um escotoma arqueado superior absoluto, poupando a fixação central em ambos os olhos e correspondendo às áreas de atrofia ao longo das veias retinianas (boa correlação anátomo-funcional). Este padrão de envolvimento das camadas retinianas internas não havia sido descrito anteriormente. Acreditamos que o SD-OCT contribuiu significativamente para a descrição anatômica desse caso e que estes novos achados devam ser considerados e correlacionados com o estado funcional ao avaliar esses pacientes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Choroid/pathology , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/pathology , Retina/pathology , Retinal Degeneration/pathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Optic Disk/pathology , Reproducibility of Results , Retinal Vein/pathology
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(1): 7-12, jan.-fev. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-480008

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar dano estrutural macular na doença de Stargardt por meio da tomografia de coerência óptica, correlacionando-o com acuidade visual e duração da doença. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos portadores da doença de Stargardt, submetidos à medida da acuidade visual (logMAR) e exames complementares (retinografia, angiofluoresceinografia e tomografia de coerência óptica). Todos os casos foram reexaminados para confirmação diagnóstica, sendo determinada duração da doença. O grupo controle foi composto pelo mesmo número de casos, pareados por sexo, idade e sem qualquer alteração oftalmológica. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 22 pacientes (44 olhos), sendo 11 (50 por cento) do sexo masculino e 11 (50 por cento), do feminino. A duração da doença variou de 3 a 21 anos (média de 11,4 ± 5,3 anos). Os grupos não apresentaram diferença significante na idade (p=0,98) e no sexo. O grupo caso apresentou valores de espessura macular na tomografia de coerência óptica significativamente menores em relação ao grupo controle (p<0,001). Foi evidenciada correlação negativa entre duração da doença e espessura macular na tomografia de coerência óptica (r=-0,57 e p=0,005). Houve correlação positiva entre duração da doença e acuidade visual (r=0,50 e p=0,0167) e correlação negativa entre acuidade visual e espessura macular na tomografia de coerência óptica (r=-0,83 e p=0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciou-se que portadores da doença de Stargardt possuem menor espessura macular quando comparados a indivíduos normais, e esta redução está relacionada com tempo de duração da doença. Adicionalmente, tanto a espessura quanto a duração da doença influenciam no prognóstico visual dos pacientes.


PURPOSE: To evaluate de macular structural damage in Stargardt's disease by optical coherence tomography, correlating with visual acuity and disease duration. METHODS: Patients with Stargardt's disease were included and submitted to visual acuity (logMAR) measurement and complementary examinations performed were color fundus photographs, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. All cases were reexamined for diagnostic confirmation and the duration of symptoms was determined. The control group was composed of the same number of subjects, matched by sex and age, without any ophthalmologic alteration. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 22 patients (44 eyes) with Stargardt's disease, 11 (50 percent) males and 11 (50 percent) females. The duration of the disease varied from 3 to 21 years (mean of 11.4 ± 5.3 years). The groups did not show significant differences in age (p= 0.98) and sex. Concerning the macular thickness in optical coherence tomography, the variation in the study group differed significantly from the control group, presenting smaller values of thickness (p<0.001). There was negative and significant correlation between the duration of disease and the macular thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography (r=-0.57 and p=0.005). There was positive correlation between the duration of the disease and the visual acuity (r=0.50 and p=0.0167) and negative correlation between the visual acuity and the macular thickness in optical coherence tomography (r=-0.83 and p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: It was evidenced that patients with Stargardt's disease have a thinner macular thickness when compared to normal subjects, and this reduction is related to the duration of symptoms of the disease. Additionally, the thickness and also the duration of the disease influence the visual prognosis of the patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Macula Lutea/pathology , Retinal Degeneration/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Fluorescein Angiography , Time Factors , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity , Young Adult
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(3): 547-553, maio-jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-459850

ABSTRACT

Angiogênese é o processo de formação de vasos sangüíneos a partir de vasos preexistentes, que ocorre em condições fisiológicas e patológicas. É fenômeno complexo no qual participam inúmeras moléculas que estimulam e inibem a formação dos neovasos. O aumento da permeabilidade vascular e a neovascularização sub-retiniana são as causas da perda visual nas doenças proliferativas da retina, como a degeneração macular relacionada à idade e a retinopatia diabética, e o fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular ("vascular endothelial growth factor", VEGF) desempenha um papel muito importante nesse processo. Existem quatro isoformas da molécula de VEGF biologicamente ativas em seres humanos, das quais o VEGF165 é a isoforma predominante no olho humano, e existem evidências de que seja a isoforma responsável pela neovascularização patogênica no olho. Além de ser potente mitógeno de células endoteliais, o VEGF aumenta a permeabilidade vascular, inibe a apoptose das células endoteliais e promove migração de precursores de células endoteliais. O VEGF não é a única molécula cuja expressão está aumentada na angiogênese patológica. O fator de crescimento de fibroblasto ("basic fibroblast growth factor", bFGF), as angiopoetinas, o fator derivado do epitélio pigmentado ("pigment epithelium-derived factor", PEDF) e os fatores de adesão relacionados à matriz extracelular também exercem papel importante no balanço entre fatores pró- e antiangiogênicos. Todo o conhecimento adquirido sobre o mecanismo da angiogênese ocular patológica tem possibilitado o desenvolvimento de vários inibidores desse processo. Atualmente existem dois anticorpos anti-VEGF para uso intravítreo e outras abordagens terapêuticas do bloqueio da angiogênese ocular estão em fase de desenvolvimento. As novas drogas deverão ser armas poderosas no tratamento das principais causas de cegueira legal irreversível em indivíduos com mais de 65 anos.


Angiogenesis is the process involving the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels which occurs in both physiologic and pathological settings. It is a complex process controlled by a large number of modulating factors, the pro-and antiangiogenic factors. The underlying cause of vision loss in proliferative retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, are increased vascular permeability and choroidal neovascularization, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in this process. VEGF is produced in the eye by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and is upregulated by hypoxia. There are four major biologically active human isoforms, of which VEGF165 is the predominant in the human eye and appears to be the responsible for pathological ocular neovascularization. Besides being a potent and specific mitogen for endothelial cells, VEGF increases vascular permeability, inhibits endothelial cells apoptosis, and is a chemoattractant for endothelial cell precursors. VEGF is not the only growth factor involved in ocular neovascularization. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiopoietins, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), and adhesion molecules also play a role in the pro- and antiangiogenic balance. Advances in the understanding of the bases of pathological ocular angiogenesis and identification of angiogenesis regulators have enabled the development of novel therapeutic agents. Anti-VEGF antibodies have been developed for intravitreal use, and other approaches are currently under investigation. These new drugs may be powerful tools for the treatment of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in people over age 65.


Subject(s)
Aged , Animals , Humans , /metabolism , Retinal Degeneration/metabolism , Retinal Neovascularization/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Retinal Degeneration/etiology , Retinal Degeneration/pathology , Retinal Neovascularization/complications , Retinal Neovascularization/pathology
5.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-94670

ABSTRACT

This incidence of AIDS is rapidly increasing in the whole world. India is emerging as the country with largest number of AIDS patients. The life time cumulative risk of at least one abnormal ocular lesion developing in an HIV positive ranges from 52% to 100% in various studies. The role of ophthalmologist in the management of an HIV infected patient is becoming increasingly important. This review article describes the common ocular lesions in AIDS patients, particularly seen in Indian patients and available treatment modalities.


Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Humans , India , Molluscum Contagiosum/diagnosis , Retinal Degeneration/pathology , Risk Factors
6.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 453-462, 1998.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-81584

ABSTRACT

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has not been fully explained. The earliest histological lesion is the loss of intramural pericytes and thickening of the basement membrane. Increased activity of the polyol pathway is a probable mechanism for these two abnormalities. Investigations have suffered from the lack of an exact animal model simulating the human condition. Examination of the retina in the spontaneously diabetic SHR/N:Mcc-cp rat demonstrated degeneration and loss of intramural pericytes, a progressive increase in basement membrane thickness, and microinfarctions with an area of non-perfusion. Therefore, this model may be used to clarify the biochemical mechanisms linking the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes and retinopathy.


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Rats , Animals , Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Rats, Inbred SHR/genetics , Rats, Inbred Strains/genetics , Retina/pathology , Retinal Degeneration/pathology
8.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 74-77, 1994.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-189267

ABSTRACT

Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of childhood characterized by cachectic dwarfism with senile-like appearance, mental retardation, photosensitive dermatitis, loss of adipose tissue, pigmentary degeneration of retina, microcephaly, deafness, skeletal and neurologic abnormalities. We describe here an 18 year old boy with Cockayne syndrome who had, in addition to the typical features of the disorder, fasting hyperinsulinemia and growth hormone deficiency.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , C-Peptide/blood , Cockayne Syndrome/complications , Growth Disorders/complications , Growth Hormone/deficiency , Hyperinsulinism/complications , Insulin/blood , Optic Atrophy/pathology , Retinal Degeneration/pathology
9.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 42(2): 41-4, ago.-dic. 1985. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-58756

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un caso de necropsia de un hombre de 28 años, etílico crónico, que falleció a raíz de una neumapatía aspirativa. En ambos ojos presentaba una degeneración en enrejado en la que se contaron 52 lesiones en sacabocado, la mayoría de las cuales parecían corresponder macroscópicamente a agujeros verdaderos, transfixiantes, pero que microscópicamente muchos de ellos fueron adelgazamientos extremos de la retina. No existía desprendimiento de retina


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Retinal Degeneration/pathology
11.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 1976 Apr; 24(1): 22-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-70408
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